LeetCode-16

934. 最短的桥

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class Solution {
public:

int indexMap[105][105] = {0}; //岛屿点,对应一个岛
int n;
int edgex[105*105] = {0};
int edgey[105*105] = {0};
int edgei[105*105] = {0};
int edgej[105*105] = {0};
int edgecount = 0;
int edgeicount = 0;
int shortestBridge(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
n = grid.size();
int islandCount = 0;
int p1x,p1y;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if(grid[i][j] == 1 && indexMap[i][j] == 0) {
++islandCount;
dfs(grid, i, j, islandCount);
}
}
}
int min=INT_MAX;
for(int i = 0; i < edgecount; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < edgeicount; j++) {
int path = abs(edgex[i]-edgei[j]) + abs(edgey[i] - edgej[j]) - 1;
if(min >= path) {
min = path;
}
}
}
return min;
}
void dfs(vector<vector<int>>& grid, int x, int y, int index) {
if(x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= n || y >= n) return;
if(indexMap[x][y] != 0 || grid[x][y] != 1) return;
indexMap[x][y] = index;
bool flag = (y-1 >= 0 && grid[x][y-1] == 0) || (y+1 < n && grid[x][y+1] == 0) || (x+1 < n && grid[x+1][y] == 0) || (x-1 >= 0 && grid[x-1][y] == 0);
dfs(grid, x, y-1, index);
dfs(grid, x, y+1, index);
dfs(grid, x+1, y, index);
dfs(grid, x-1, y, index);
if(flag) {
if(indexMap[x][y]==1) {
edgex[edgecount]=x;
edgey[edgecount]=y;
edgecount++;
} else if(indexMap[x][y]==2) {
edgei[edgeicount]=x;
edgej[edgeicount]=y;
edgeicount++;
}
}
}
};

和之前写的一道题有点像,827. 最大人工岛
827. 最大人工岛我先dfs找到所有连通子图和包围岛的0点,然后找这些点中有无同时包围多个岛的,把他们的面积加起来取最大值

这道题也可以使用相同的方法,找到每个岛屿的边界点,然后计算边界点的距离(只有两个岛,两个岛之间肯定是可以连通的,且不管使用那条途径,最短距离一定是 $ abs(x_1 - x_2) + abs(y_1-y_2)-1 $)

看答案

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class Solution {
public:
void dfs(int x, int y, vector<vector<int>>& grid, queue<pair<int, int>> &qu) {
if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= grid.size() || y >= grid[0].size() || grid[x][y] != 1) {
return;
}
qu.emplace(x, y);
grid[x][y] = -1;
dfs(x - 1, y, grid, qu);
dfs(x + 1, y, grid, qu);
dfs(x, y - 1, grid, qu);
dfs(x, y + 1, grid, qu);
}

int shortestBridge(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
int n = grid.size();
vector<vector<int>> dirs = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}};

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
queue<pair<int, int>> qu;
dfs(i, j, grid, qu);
int step = 0;
while (!qu.empty()) {
int sz = qu.size();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
auto [x, y] = qu.front();
qu.pop();
for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
int nx = x + dirs[k][0];
int ny = y + dirs[k][1];
if (nx >= 0 && ny >= 0 && nx < n && ny < n) {
if (grid[nx][ny] == 0) {
qu.emplace(nx, ny);
grid[nx][ny] = -1;
} else if (grid[nx][ny] == 1) {
return step;
}
}
}
}
step++;
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
};
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LeetCode-15

904. 水果成篮

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class Solution {
public:
int totalFruit(vector<int>& fruits) {
int len = fruits.size();
vector<int> v(len);
int i = 0;
int cur = fruits[i];
i++;
int max_diff = 1;
int typea = fruits[0], typeb = -1, typec = -1;
vector<int> last(len+1);
int curr = 0;
int j = 1;
while(j < len) {
while(j < len && fruits[j] == fruits[curr]) {
j++;
}
last[j] = curr;
curr = j;
j++;
}
while(i < len) {
int diff = 1;
typeb = typec = -1;
while(i < len) {
if(fruits[i] != typea && fruits[i] != typeb) {
if(typeb == -1) {
typeb = fruits[i];
} else if(typec == -1) {
typec = fruits[i];
}
}
if(typec == -1) {
diff++;
} else {
break;
}
i++;
}
max_diff = diff > max_diff ? diff : max_diff;
if(i-1 >= 0 && i < len){
typea = fruits[i-1];
i = last[i]+1;
}
}
return max_diff;
}
};

想法很简单,就是从左往右遍历,数当前遇到了几种水果,当遇到第三种水果后,更新一下装入水果的最大值,三种水果记录为typea, typeb, typec
然后回溯,找到前一个节点在左侧最后一个typea后第一次出现的位置(其实也是typea最后出现的位置的后两个位置)

优化(空间,放弃last数组)

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class Solution {
public:
int totalFruit(vector<int>& fruits) {
int len = fruits.size();
vector<int> v(len);
int i = 0;
int cur = fruits[i];
i++;
int max_diff = 1;
int typea = fruits[0], typeb = -1, typec = -1;
while(i < len) {
int diff = 1;
typeb = typec = -1;
int lasta = i-1, lastb = 0;
while(i < len) {
if(fruits[i] != typea && fruits[i] != typeb) {
if(typeb == -1) {
typeb = fruits[i];
} else if(typec == -1) {
typec = fruits[i];
}
}
if(fruits[i] == typea) {
lasta = i;
} else if(fruits[i] == typeb) {
lastb = i;
}
if(typec == -1) {
diff++;
} else {
break;
}
i++;
}
max_diff = diff > max_diff ? diff : max_diff;
if(i-1 >= 0 && i < len){
if(fruits[i-1] == typea) {
i = lastb + 2;
} else if(fruits[i-1] == typeb) {
typea = typeb;
i = lasta + 2;
}
// printf("%d, %d, %d\n", i, lasta, lastb);
}
}
return max_diff;
}
};

1441. 用栈操作构建数组

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LeetCode-14

927. 三等分

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class Solution {
public:
vector<int> threeEqualParts(vector<int>& arr) {
int sum = countOne(arr);
int len = arr.size();
if(sum % 3 != 0) {
return {-1,-1};
}
if(sum == 0) {
return {0, len -1};
}

int p1,p2,p3;
p1 = p2 = p3 = 0;
int i = 0;
int cur = 0;
while(i < len) {
if(arr[i] == 1) {
if(cur == 0) {
p1 = i;
} else if(cur == sum/3) {
p2 = i;
} else if(cur == 2*sum/3) {
p3 = i;
}
cur++;
}
i++;
} //把1平均分成3份,p1 p2 p3分别找到三段的第一个1的位置
// printf("%d %d %d\n", p1, p2, p3);
int x = p1,y = p2,z = p3;
int farclen = len - p3;
if(p1 + farclen > p2 || p2 + farclen > p3) {
return {-1, -1};
}
while(x < p2 && y < p3 && z < len) {
if(arr[x] != arr[y] || arr[y] != arr[z]) {
return {-1, -1};
}
x++;y++;z++;
}
// printf("%d %d %d\n", x, y, z);
return {p1+farclen-1, p2+farclen};
}
int
countOne(vector<int>& arr) {
int count = 0;
for(int a : arr) {
count += a;
}
return count;
}
};

难,看懂解析思路后才写出来的

刚开始的思路是找0,把1分成了n段,取n/3 , 2n/3和 n段后面的0,然后向右移动双指针比较

后来发现有超级长的输入,超时了

解析的思路与我刚好相反,先数1的个数,如果是0或者不能被3整除,说明不能分成三段

1的个数为n,找到第0 n/3 2n/3个1,记为p1, p2, p3

p3到后末尾的长度就是三个子串的长度,如果p1 或 p2 + 字串长度分别大于p2 p3,说明无解

然后向后比较,若后面的数完全相同则有解

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LeetCode-13

1640. 能否连接形成数组

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class Solution {
public:
bool canFormArray(vector<int>& arr, vector<vector<int>>& pieces) {
int arr_map[105] = {0};
int len_arr = arr.size();
for(int i = 0; i < len_arr; i++) {
arr_map[arr[i]] = i+1;
}
int pie_len = pieces.size();
for(int i = 0; i < pie_len; i++) {
int i_len = pieces[i].size();
int diff = arr_map[pieces[i][0]];
if(diff == 0) {
return false;
}
for(int j = 1; j < i_len; j++) {
if(diff != arr_map[pieces[i][j]] - j) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
};

4ms,和最快的思路刚好相反,用map存储arr的index,最快的思路是反过来,用map存一个piece的第一个index

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class Solution {
public:
bool canFormArray(vector<int>& arr, vector<vector<int>>& pieces) {
int arr_map[105] = {0};
int len_arr = arr.size();
int pie_len = pieces.size();
for(int i = 0; i < pie_len; i++) {
arr_map[pieces[i][0]] = i+1;
}
int i = 0;
while(i < len_arr) {
int row = arr_map[arr[i]];
if(row == 0) return false;
vector<int>& subv = pieces[row-1];
int i_len = subv.size();
for(int j = 0; j < i_len; j++, i++) {
if(arr[i] != subv[j]) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
};

707. 设计链表

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struct List {
List *next;
int val;
List(int val0, List* next0 = nullptr):val(val0), next(next0) {}
};

class MyLinkedList {
private:
List *root;
List *tail;
int size;
inline List* getNode(int& index) {
List *move = root;
while(index > 0 && move->next != nullptr) {
move = move->next;
index--;
}
return move;
}
public:
MyLinkedList() {
root = new List(0);
tail = root;
size = 0;
}

int get(int index) {
List *move = getNode(index);
return (move->next == nullptr) ? -1 : move->next->val;
}

void addAtHead(int val) {
List* node = new List(val, root->next);
root->next = node;
if(root == tail) {
tail = node;
}
size++;
}

void addAtTail(int val) {
List* node = new List(val, tail->next);
tail->next = node;
tail = node;
size++;
}

void addAtIndex(int index, int val) {
List *move = getNode(index);
if(index > 0) {
return;
}
List* node = new List(val, move->next);
move->next = node;
if(move == tail) {
tail = node;
}
size++;
}

void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
List *move = getNode(index);
List *target = move->next;
if(target != nullptr) {
move->next = target->next;
if(target == tail) {
tail = move;
}
delete target;
size--;
}
}
};
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LeetCode-11

2020-07-27

55. 跳跃游戏

思路

  1. 对nums数组,令nums[i] += i,这样表示i位置最远可以走到的距离
  2. 算法

从i = 0开始
对于当前i,可以从0走到nums[i],选取0-nums[i]的最大值,如果最大值大于等于n-1,则可以到达最后,若小于,重复这个步骤,除非i=最大值,则不能到达最后

  1. 为了降低时间复杂度,创建一个数组v,v[i] = max(nums[k]), k = 0,1,…,i
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LeetCode-10

2020-07-25

Z 字形变换

AC代码

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class Solution {
public:
string convert(string s, int numRows) {
if (numRows <= 1) {
return s;
}
int n = s.size();
string temp[numRows];
int t_numRows = 0;
int p = 0;
while(p < n) {
while(p < n && t_numRows < numRows) {
temp[t_numRows] += s[p];
p++;
t_numRows++;
}
t_numRows = numRows -2;
while (p < n && t_numRows > 0) {
temp[t_numRows] += s[p];
p++;
t_numRows--;
}
}
string res;
for(int i = 0 ; i < numRows; i++) {
res = res + temp[i];
}
return res;
}
};

优化思路

  1. 两层while循环多次判断p<n,效率底下,实际上只需要当t_numRows0或t_numRowsnumRows-1时改变方向即可

  2. 实际上需要的string数组长度是min(n, numRows)

    优化代码

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    class Solution {
    public:
    string convert(string s, int numRows) {
    if (numRows <= 1) {
    return s;
    }
    int n = int(s.size());
    int len = min(numRows, n);
    vector<string> temp(len);
    int t_numRows = 0;
    bool goingDown = false;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    temp[t_numRows] += s[i];
    if (t_numRows == 0 || t_numRows == numRows-1) {
    goingDown = !goingDown;
    }
    t_numRows += goingDown ? 1 :-1;
    }
    string res;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) res += temp[i];
    return res;
    }
    };

    再次优化

    可以直接找新旧数列的数字关系,直接计算

    优化代码

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    class Solution {
    public:
    string convert(string s, int numRows) {
    if (numRows <= 1) {
    return s;
    }
    int len_s = int(s.size());
    int unit =(2*numRows-2);
    int n = len_s/unit;
    int remain = len_s%unit;
    string res(len_s, 0);
    for (int i = 0; i < len_s; i++) {
    int p = 0;
    if (i%unit == 0) {
    p = i/unit+1;
    } else {
    int r = i%unit + 1,c = i/unit+1;
    if (r > numRows) {
    r = unit-r+2;
    p = 1;
    } else if (r == numRows) {
    p = 1-c;
    }
    p += n + (n*2)*(r-2) + 2*(c-1) + min(r-1, remain)+1;
    if (remain > numRows) {
    p += max(r-(unit-remain+2),0);
    }
    }
    res[p-1] = s[i];
    }
    return res;
    }
    };

    最终成绩

    执行用时:8 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了98.89%的用户

    内存消耗:7.7 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了100.00%的用户

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LeetCode-1

1.两数之和

AC代码

思路

  • 刚开始就是用双层for循环写,然后秉承着谦虚的态度看了题解,发现真的有O(N)的算法一遍哈希表

  • 主要就是利用map建立从数到数组下标的map,然后每次计算出target-nums[i]的值,然后看map里面有对应的下标,有的话就输出,没有就继续。

  • map的值为0时,如何区分stl的map知识有限,如何判断0是数组里面没有这个数还是查询的引索为0呢?只要储存的时候下标+1,用的时候减一就行了,这样map值为0,一定是没有这个数。

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class Solution {
public:
vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
vector<int> ans;
map<int, int> m;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
int pos = target - nums[i];
if (m[pos] != 0 && m[pos] != i + 1) {
pos = m[pos] - 1;
ans.push_back(pos > i ? i : pos);
ans.push_back(pos < i ? i : pos);
break;
}
m[nums[i]] = i + 1;
}
return ans;
}
};

2. 两数相加

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LeetCode-2

20. 有效的括号

思路

  1. 创建一个栈
  2. 遍历字符串
    1. 如果是左半部分,把这个字符压栈
    2. 如果是右半部分,先看一下栈顶元素和它是否配对,如果配对,弹栈,不配对,结束,返回false
  3. 字符串遍历结束后,看栈是否已经空了,如果没空,说明左右括号数量不对应false

AC代码

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static const auto __ = []() {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(nullptr);
return nullptr;
}();
class Solution {
public:
bool isValid(string s) {
int p[128] = {0};
p['('] = ')'; p[')'] = 0;
p['['] = ']'; p[']'] = 0;
p['{'] = '}'; p['}'] = 0;
stack<char> sta;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
if (p[s[i]]) {
sta.push(s[i]);
} else {
if (sta.empty() || p[sta.top()] != s[i]) return false;
sta.pop();
}
}
return sta.empty();
}
};

26. 删除排序数组中的重复项

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LeetCode-3

58. 最后一个单词的长度

AC代码

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class Solution {
public:
int lengthOfLastWord(string s) {
reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
stringstream ss(s);
string buf;
ss >> buf;
reverse(buf.begin(), buf.end());
return buf.length();
}
};
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class Solution {
public:
int lengthOfLastWord(string s) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = s.length() -1 ; i >= 0; i--) {
if (s[i] != ' ')count++;
else if (count > 0) break;
}
return count;
}
};

66. 加一

思路

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LeetCode-4

172. 阶乘后的零

思路

把2,5的倍数拆成2,5,数5的个数(2一定比5多),这样5一定和2配对,所以5的个数就是末尾0的个数

AC代码

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class Solution {
public:
int trailingZeroes(int n) {
int ans = 0;
while (n) {
n /= 5;
ans += n;
}
return ans;
}
};
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class Solution {
public:
int trailingZeroes(int n) {
return n == 0 ? 0 : n/5 + trailingZeroes(n / 5);
}
};
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