发表更新Android12 分钟读完 (大约1727个字)

00-面试查漏补缺

View绘制流程图

起点：ViewRootImpl

在ViewRootImpl中有一个巨长的方法performTraversals，其中会依次调用三个函数

  • performMeasure
  • performLayout
  • performDraw

通过ViewRootImpl的setView方法，ViewRootImpl对象会拥有一个mView对象

在performMeasure方法中会调用mView.measure()

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private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
    if (mView == null) {
        return;
    }
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
    try {
        mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
    mMeasuredWidth = mView.getMeasuredWidth();
    mMeasuredHeight = mView.getMeasuredHeight();
    mViewMeasureDeferred = false;
}

在performLayout方法中会调用mView.layout()

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private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth,
            int desiredWindowHeight) {
    mScrollMayChange = true;
    mInLayout = true;
    final View host = mView;
    if (host == null) {
        return;
    }
    if (DEBUG_ORIENTATION || DEBUG_LAYOUT) {
        Log.v(mTag, "Laying out " + host + " to (" +
                host.getMeasuredWidth() + ", " + host.getMeasuredHeight() + ")");
    }
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "layout");
    try {
        host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
        // ...

        // todo: 后面还有一个requestLayout，后续可以了解一下
    }
    // ...
}

在performDraw方法中会通过performDraw->draw->drawSoftware->mView.draw()调用mView的draw方法

measure和onMeasure

View的measure和onMeasure

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public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
    if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
        Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
        int oWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
        int oHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;
        widthMeasureSpec  = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec,  optical ? -oWidth  : oWidth);
        heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
    }

    // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
    long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
    if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);

    final boolean forceLayout = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;

    // Optimize layout by avoiding an extra EXACTLY pass when the view is
    // already measured as the correct size. In API 23 and below, this
    // extra pass is required to make LinearLayout re-distribute weight.
    final boolean specChanged = widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec
            || heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec;
    final boolean isSpecExactly = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
            && MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
    final boolean matchesSpecSize = getMeasuredWidth() == MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
            && getMeasuredHeight() == MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
    final boolean needsLayout = specChanged
            && (sAlwaysRemeasureExactly || !isSpecExactly || !matchesSpecSize);

    if (forceLayout || needsLayout) {
        // first clears the measured dimension flag
        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

        resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();

        int cacheIndex = forceLayout ? -1 : mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
        if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
            // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        } else {
            long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
            // Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
            setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
            mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        }

        // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
        // an exception to warn the developer
        if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "
                    + getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"
                    + " measured dimension by calling"
                    + " setMeasuredDimension()");
        }

        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
    }

    mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
    mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;

    mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
            (long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
}

参数

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public static class MeasureSpec {
    private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
    private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
     * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
     */
    public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
     * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
     * of how big it wants to be.
     */
    public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
     * to the specified size.
     */
    public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
}

spec是specification的缩写，意思是规格，三种测量规格

  • UNSPECIFIED: 对子view无限制
  • EXACTLY: 严格按照父view的限制
  • AT_MOST: 最大这么大
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public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
                                    @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
    if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
        return size + mode;
    } else {
        return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
    }
}

@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
    //noinspection ResourceType
    return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}

public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
    return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}

0-29位是size，最高两位才是mode

onMeasure

measure方法的内容暂时不看重要的是onMeasure，他是非final的，在自定义view时，会用到

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protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
            getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}

ViewGroup的onMeasure函数

ViewGroup本身没有重写onMeasure，以FrameLayout为例，会调用子view的measure方法,根据自身的布局规则确定子view的size和mode

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protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    int count = getChildCount();

    final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
            MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
            MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
    mMatchParentChildren.clear();

    int maxHeight = 0;
    int maxWidth = 0;
    int childState = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = getChildAt(i);
        if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
            measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
            final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                    child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                    child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
            childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
            if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                        lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Account for padding too
    maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
    maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

    // Check against our minimum height and width
    maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
    maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

    // Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
    final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
    if (drawable != null) {
        maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
    }

    setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
            resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
                    childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

    count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
    if (count > 1) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);
            final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

            final int childWidthMeasureSpec;
            if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()
                        - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()
                        - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);
                childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                        width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            } else {
                childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                        getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
                        lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
                        lp.width);
            }

            final int childHeightMeasureSpec;
            if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()
                        - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()
                        - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);
                childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                        height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            } else {
                childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
                        getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
                        lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
                        lp.height);
            }

            child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }
}

layout和onLayout

View的layout和onLayout

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@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    int oldL = mLeft;
    int oldT = mTop;
    int oldB = mBottom;
    int oldR = mRight;

    boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
            setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
    onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
}
  • setFrame会根据l, r, t, b的值，更新mLeft, mTop, mBottom, mRight
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protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
}

ViewGroup的onLayout方法

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@Override
protected abstract void onLayout(boolean changed,
        int l, int t, int r, int b);
  • 子类可选实现变成子类必须实现

FrameLayout的onLayout

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@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    layoutChildren(left, top, right, bottom, false /* no force left gravity */);
}

void layoutChildren(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, boolean forceLeftGravity) {
    final int count = getChildCount();

    final int parentLeft = getPaddingLeftWithForeground();
    final int parentRight = right - left - getPaddingRightWithForeground();

    final int parentTop = getPaddingTopWithForeground();
    final int parentBottom = bottom - top - getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = getChildAt(i);
        if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
            final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

            final int width = child.getMeasuredWidth();
            final int height = child.getMeasuredHeight();

            int childLeft;
            int childTop;

            int gravity = lp.gravity;
            if (gravity == -1) {
                gravity = DEFAULT_CHILD_GRAVITY;
            }

            final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
            final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
            final int verticalGravity = gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;

            switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
                case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
                    childLeft = parentLeft + (parentRight - parentLeft - width) / 2 +
                    lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
                    break;
                case Gravity.RIGHT:
                    if (!forceLeftGravity) {
                        childLeft = parentRight - width - lp.rightMargin;
                        break;
                    }
                case Gravity.LEFT:
                default:
                    childLeft = parentLeft + lp.leftMargin;
            }

            switch (verticalGravity) {
                case Gravity.TOP:
                    childTop = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
                    break;
                case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
                    childTop = parentTop + (parentBottom - parentTop - height) / 2 +
                    lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin;
                    break;
                case Gravity.BOTTOM:
                    childTop = parentBottom - height - lp.bottomMargin;
                    break;
                default:
                    childTop = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
            }

            child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childLeft + width, childTop + height);
        }
    }
}

计算child的ltrb，依次调用子类的Layout

draw,onDraw和dispatchDraw

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public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    /*
    * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
    * in the appropriate order:
    *
    *      1. Draw the background
    *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
    *      3. Draw view's content
    *      4. Draw children
    *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
    *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
    *      7. If necessary, draw the default focus highlight
    */

   drawBackground(canvas);

   saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();

   // Step 3, draw the content
   onDraw(canvas);

    // Step 4, draw the children
    dispatchDraw(canvas);

    // Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
    // canvas.drawXXX
    canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);

    // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
    onDrawForeground(canvas);

    // Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
    drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
}

分为7步

  • 绘制背景
  • 获取当前画布save次数,记录状态
  • 绘制内容，由onDraw实现
  • 绘制子view
  • 恢复步骤2的画布状态
  • 绘制前景，滚动条
  • 如果获取了焦点，绘制一个高光
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/**
 * Implement this to do your drawing.
 *
 * @param canvas the canvas on which the background will be drawn
 */
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
}
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/**
 * Called by draw to draw the child views. This may be overridden
 * by derived classes to gain control just before its children are drawn
 * (but after its own view has been drawn).
 * @param canvas the canvas on which to draw the view
 */
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {

}

ViewGroup的dispatchDraw

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@Override
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    // ...
    for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
        // ...

        final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(childrenCount, i, customOrder);
        final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
        if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
            more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
        }
        // ...
    }
    // ...
}
  • 其中drawChild会调用子view的draw方法

00-面试查漏补缺

https://jingtianer.github.io/home/2024/03/13/Android高级/Android 高级开发瓶颈突破系列课/00面试查漏补缺2/

作者

Meow Meow Liu

发布于

2024-03-13

更新于

2024-09-12

许可协议

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